Skip to reading
USMLE.Step1.Neuro Medical · USMLE

Neurology — stroke, seizure, MS, neurodegenerative

Node 10 of 15 in USMLE

Objectives

  • Identify the key rules and §§ that apply to neurology — stroke, seizure, ms, neurodegenerative.
  • Apply the USMLE.Step1.Neuro knowledge element in a typical exam scenario.
  • Recognize common distractors and partial-credit answers.

Read

USMLE.Step1.Neuro

Neurology — stroke, seizure, MS, neurodegenerative

Step 1 · Organ Systems Neurology

**Stroke:** • **Ischemic (87%)** — thrombotic, embolic, lacunar. tPA if <4.5 hr, thrombectomy up to 24 hr for LVO by imaging. Secondary prevention: antiplatelet, statin, BP control, AFib → anticoag. • **Hemorrhagic** — intracerebral (HTN, amyloid), SAH ('worst headache', CT → LP if xanthochromia). BP control; surgical evacuation selective. • **Vascular territories** — MCA (face/arm > leg, aphasia if dominant, neglect if non-dominant), ACA (leg > arm), PCA (homonymous hemianopia), lacunar (pure motor/sensory).

**Seizures:** • **Generalized tonic-clonic** — both hemispheres. Levetiracetam, valproate, lamotrigine, phenytoin. • **Focal** — with/without awareness. Carbamazepine, levetiracetam. • **Absence** — 3 Hz spike-wave, ethosuximide. • **Status epilepticus** (>5 min) — lorazepam IV → fosphenytoin → intubate + propofol/midazolam.

**Multiple sclerosis:** young women, relapsing-remitting most common. Dx: dissemination in space + time on MRI (McDonald 2017). CSF oligoclonal bands. DMT: B-cell depleters (ocrelizumab), S1P modulators, natalizumab. Acute flare — IV methylprednisolone × 3-5 d.

**Neurodegenerative:** • **Alzheimer** — gradual; episodic memory first. CSF Aβ42↓, tau↑; amyloid-PET. Donepezil, memantine; lecanemab/donanemab (anti-Aβ monoclonals) slow decline in early disease. • **Parkinson** — resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability. Levodopa-carbidopa; MAO-B (rasagiline), dopamine agonists. • **ALS** — upper + lower motor neuron; riluzole, edaravone. • **Huntington** — AD, CAG repeats in HTT, chorea + psych.

**Meningitis:** adult bacterial — ceftriaxone + vanco + steroid (dexa) if pneumococcal; add ampicillin if >50 or immunocompromised (Listeria).

OpenStax A&P 2e Ch. 12-14 Nervous System NIH MedlinePlus — Brain and Nerves

Check yourself

3 quick questions — no score kept, just formative feedback.

  1. Q1 · USMLE.Step1.CV

    A 62-year-old has chest pain radiating to the jaw and ST elevations in leads V2-V5. Door-to-balloon time guideline for primary PCI per ACC/AHA STEMI guidelines is:

    Answer choices
  2. Q2 · USMLE.Step1.Micro

    Per the CDC Pink Book, which vaccine is LIVE-ATTENUATED and contraindicated in pregnancy and severe immunocompromise?

    Answer choices
  3. Q3 · USMLE.Step1.Renal

    A patient with severe hyperkalemia (K+ 7.2) and peaked T waves on ECG. The first intervention to stabilize the cardiac membrane is:

    Answer choices

Tutor

Scoped to USMLE.Step1.Neuro .

  1. Ask questions about this passage. Answers cite the specific corpus chunk and regulation. The tutor will never reproduce real exam items.